Huang Ho and Yangtze-
The Seat of the Early Civilization in China_
+ The Birthplace of Early Civilization
1.) Yellow River / Huang Ho
--led in arts, science, philosophy, and the skills in governance
-- deposits yellow powdered soil hundreds of deep in these places called loess.
-- very shallow
-- known as"China's Sorrow" because of the destruction that it caused when water level arise.
2.) Yangtze River
-- deep
-- deposits silts
3.) Si River
-- more than 1, 931.16 km
--led in arts, science, philosophy, and the skills in governance
-- deposits yellow powdered soil hundreds of deep in these places called loess.
-- very shallow
-- known as"China's Sorrow" because of the destruction that it caused when water level arise.
2.) Yangtze River
-- deep
-- deposits silts
3.) Si River
-- more than 1, 931.16 km
Yellow River "China's Sorrow"... |
Yangtze River... |
=============================================================================
+ The Dynastic Cycle in China
|
|
..What is Dynastic Cycle?
# Dynastic cycle is an important political theory in Chinese history.
#According to this theory, every dynasty goes through a culture cycle
# the rise and fall of successive ruler families
#The dynastic cycle is the belief that the rise and fall of dynasties is controlled by Heaven (God).
# characterized by peace and prosperity in the upswing when a new line of emperors is established, and by civil war, misery, and population decline in the downswing when the dynasty becomes old and feeble, has been a recurring phenomenon.
#According to this theory, every dynasty goes through a culture cycle
# the rise and fall of successive ruler families
#The dynastic cycle is the belief that the rise and fall of dynasties is controlled by Heaven (God).
# characterized by peace and prosperity in the upswing when a new line of emperors is established, and by civil war, misery, and population decline in the downswing when the dynasty becomes old and feeble, has been a recurring phenomenon.
=================================================================
Dynasties in China_
+ Shang Dynasty (Yin Dynasty)
= about 1500 B.C.E.
= peple are specialized in various trades and crafts
= in the year 1028 B.C.E. the Shang rulers became cruels.
= peple are specialized in various trades and crafts
= in the year 1028 B.C.E. the Shang rulers became cruels.
Anyang
The capital of Shang Dynasty, excavated on 1930.
|
Bronze Works
Bronze works are used for offering foods and wines to their ancestors.
|
Lunar Calendar
They can determine the time of planting with the use of this calendar.
|
Farming
The main industry during the Shang Dynasty.
|
Silk
The most common product during the Shang.
|
Kaolin
A very fine white clay, to shape potteries.
|
Religion
Their religion was a combination of animism, worship of nature and ancestor worhip.
|
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Chou Dynasty
Wu Wang
= lasted from 1028 to 256 B.C.E.
= lasted for Three thousand years
= its rule claimed to have the orders from Gods
Factors that affect the dynasty:
1. Greed for power
2. The rival of theories and ideas of the following philosophers:
Wu Wang
- the founder of Chou dynasty
- expanded the Chinese territory
= lasted for Three thousand years
= its rule claimed to have the orders from Gods
Factors that affect the dynasty:
1. Greed for power
2. The rival of theories and ideas of the following philosophers:
- Confucius
- Lao Tzu
- Menchus
- Legalists
Wu Wang
- the founder of Chou dynasty
- expanded the Chinese territory
Mandate of Heaven
= "orders from the Gods"
= rule followed during Chou Dynasty |
Feudal System
= an institution where provinces are ruled by governors
|
Civil Service Examination
= It was given by the government to any man interested to serve the government
|
Confucius
= a great and just philosopher who urged for social harmony
|
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Chin Dynasty
Chin Shih Huang-ti
= "First Emperor"
= controlled an area as large as China today conquered barbarians Huns = barbarians at the southern part of his empire Hsiung Nu = leader of Huns |
Great Wall of China
It was build to keep the barbarians out of the borders of China |
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Han Dynasty
= Chinese often referred themselves as "Man of Han"
Pan Chao
- one of the greatest female literary writer
Ssuma- Ch'ien
- first great historian who compiled a complete history of China, completed during the Han period
The Great Silk Road
- route from China to Syria and other eastern Mediterranean lands
Pan Chao
- one of the greatest female literary writer
Ssuma- Ch'ien
- first great historian who compiled a complete history of China, completed during the Han period
The Great Silk Road
- route from China to Syria and other eastern Mediterranean lands
Liu Pang
= founder of Han Dynasty
= gained high reputation during their rule |
Confucianism
= Confucius himself was revered as a patron saint of scholars
|
Wu Ti
= "Martial Emperor"
= greatest emperor of Han Dynasty = had many success in his battles |
Buddhism
= reached China when disorder was spreading because of the cruel corruption officials of the Han government
|
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Sui Dynasty
= laid the foundation for the "Golden Age of China"
Yang Chien
= reunited the Northern and Southern China in 589 C.E.
= ordered the building of Grand Canal connecting the Yellow and Yangtze River = ordered the endless building of walls and palaces which turned the people against the Sui Dynasty |
The Grand Canal of China
|
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Tang Dynasty
|
= It's rule gave China its Golden Age
= during this period, China achieved its most powerful and wealthiest status = extended its frontiers to the farthest west invading the Turks in the North influencing Korea and Japan Li Yuang - founder of Tang Changan - capital of Tang Dynasty Li Po & Tu Fu - great poets during this age |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sung Dynasty
Sung Tai-Tsu
- established the Sung Dynasty
Khitans
- group of Mongolian people that threatened the Sung emperors
Kai-Yang
- capital of Sung Dynasty
Achievements:
1. Foreign Trade was expanded.
The lists of exports showed gold, silver, copper, cash and porcelain
2. Inventions in the form of of gunpowder, printing, use of ink, and paper
3. Golden Age of Painting.
Their paintings done on silk scrolls showed the great tradition of landscape painting
4. Magnetic Compass was invented and found to be useful for finding directions and for navigation
- established the Sung Dynasty
Khitans
- group of Mongolian people that threatened the Sung emperors
Kai-Yang
- capital of Sung Dynasty
Achievements:
1. Foreign Trade was expanded.
The lists of exports showed gold, silver, copper, cash and porcelain
2. Inventions in the form of of gunpowder, printing, use of ink, and paper
3. Golden Age of Painting.
Their paintings done on silk scrolls showed the great tradition of landscape painting
4. Magnetic Compass was invented and found to be useful for finding directions and for navigation
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Yuan Dynasty (China under Mongols)
Genghis Khan "Temujin"
|
Marco Polo
|
Genghis Khan (Temujin)
= one of the greatest conquerors of the world Peking (Khanbalik) = capital of Yuan Dynasty Kublai Khan = successor of his grandfather Genghis Khan Marco Polo = famous European traveler from Italy = served the court for 17 years and left Cathay- the name given by Khan to China- in 1292 Kublai Khan died in 1295. |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Ming Dynasty
Chu Yuan Chang
|
Chu Yuan Chang
= led the Chinese rebellion against Mongols and proclaimed himself emperor and took the name Ming Tai-Tsu Nanking = Capital of Ming Dynasty Fleet Voyages = led by a Chinese admiral name "Chenglo" |
Yunglo
= the emperor in 1421 Peking = became the capital = city w/in a city build in traditional manner of a Chinese walled city Forbidden City = another city built in the center of Peking (Imperial City) |
Yunglo: a Ming emperor
|
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Manchus (Ching Dynasty)
Manchu Empire
= includes Mongolia, Korea,
Tibet, Indochina, Eastern
Turkestan, and China Proper
